洹北商城宫殿区一、二号夯土基址建筑复原研究

关键词: 河南安阳市 洹北商城 宫殿 一号、二号基址 复原研究
KEYWORDS : Henan Anyang City  Huanbei Shang City  Site Royal Palaces Foundation Sites No.1 and No.2 Restoration Designs
ABSTRACT: Based on the status seen in the excavation and the relevant remains unearthed, this paper tries to make a preliminary restoration to the architect ural foundations nos.1 and 2 in the palace area of the Huanbei City Site of the Shang Dynasty. The restoration research shows that foundation site no.1 was a large-scale quadrangle with east and west wings, the main hall of which had ten bays in the facade and porch with colonnade,and small annexes on both sides; the south side of the quadrangle was a roofed corridor in the middle of which a doorway with guardhouse was opened. Foundation site no.2 was also a quadrangle but the detailed designing was slightly different:the main hall had four bays on the facade and was surrounded by porches on all sides, and  had small annexes on east and west sides, but it did not have wings instead of which roofed corridors were built on east,south and west sides. Both architectural complexes were designed as“isolated outward and opening inward”arrangements.This paper also makes inferences on the thickness and building methods of the wattle-and-daub walls.

     商代建筑基址集中发现于安阳殷墟、郑州商城、偃师商城三处商王朝都邑[1],其他还清理过商代建筑基址的遗址还有郑州小双桥遗址[2]、洹北商城遗址[3]、湖北盘龙城遗址[4]、山东平阴朱家桥遗址[5]等。也曾有多位学者根据考古发现的地下遗迹尝试复原商代建筑[6]。
    古代建筑的复原研究,最重要的是基址的保存状况和发掘质量。2001～2002 年发掘的洹北商城一号建筑基址保存较好[7],有完整的台基以及台基面上的柱网结构。2008年,中国社会科学院考古研究所安阳工作队又发掘了洹北商城宫殿区的二号基址[8],该基址保存状况与一号基址类似。这两处基址可能是迄今考古发掘所获得的能够“最大程度复原” 的商代建筑基址。对这两处基址进行复原研究, 对于理解商代建筑, 尤其是重新认识早年发掘的商代建筑遗存具有重要价值。本文是对这两处基址复原的尝试。首要依据是考古发掘的地下遗迹的相关材料,其次是相关的甲骨文字形及与建筑有关的铜器资料，献记载仅作参考。

作者:唐际根 何毓灵,北京市,100710,中国社会科学院考古研究所。
荆志淳,加拿大英属哥伦比亚大学人类学系。

原文发表在《考古》2010年第1期

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